Educational Resources and References
This page will offer you a variety of opportunities to know more about PFAS and its problems across a wider scale. Learning more may help you make more informed daily personal and professional decisions. It may also help you know what you can do to reduce PFAS exposure. Review the categories below to find links that interest you.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry:
Multi-site Health Study- PFAS Cooperative Agreement
In 2019, the Center for Disease Control and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease registry announced that they are partnering with seven states across the nation to study how drinking water that contains PFAS may harm human health.
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Click here to learn more about the health studies taking place and to explore available resources. ​
Federal and Agency Responses to PFAS in Colorado:
Eurofins: Environment Testing, TestAmerica: Eight informative "State of the Science" components within their "PFAS Webinar Series".
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USEPA. Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS. 2016 [cited 2017 July 31]; Available from:
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FOUNTAIN, CO. 2017 5/15/2019]; Available from:
Overview of Security-Widefield, Colorado. 2018 5/15/2019]; Available from:
SECURITY-WIDEFIELD, CO. 2017 5/15/2019]; Available from:
STRATMOOR, CO. 2018 5/15/2019]; Available from:
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https://datausa.io/profile/geo/stratmoor-co/#demographics.
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Per-fluorinated compounds - health recommendations
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More information on Perfluoroalkyl Substances
More Information About Blood Biomarker Levels:
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Chronic Inflammation:
Liver Enzymes:
Cholesterol:
Resources Utilized in Website Content:
1. Prevedouros, K., et al., Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates. Environ Sci Technol, 2006. 40(1): p. 32-44.
2. Convention, S.o.t.S. The new POPs under the Stockholm Convention. 2017; Available from: http://chm.pops.int/TheConvention/ThePOPs/TheNewPOPs/tabid/2511/Default.aspx.
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3. Olsen, G.W., et al., Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate, perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers. Environ Health Perspect, 2007. 115(9): p. 1298-1305.
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4. Li, Y., et al., Half-lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after end of exposure to contaminated drinking water. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017.
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5. Bartell, S.M., et al., Rate of decline in serum PFOA concentrations after granular activated carbon filtration at two public water systems in Ohio and West Virginia. Environmental health perspectives, 2009. 118(2): p. 222-228.
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6. Haug, L.S., et al., Diet and particularly seafood are major sources of perfluorinated compounds in humans. Environ Int, 2010. 36(7): p. 772-8.
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7. Kaboré, H.A., et al., Worldwide drinking water occurrence and levels of newly-identified perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Science of the Total Environment, 2018. 616: p. 1089-1100.
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8. Tiwari, Ritika. “Decades-Old Toxic Chemicals Are Melting out of Himalayas Now.” The PFAS Project Lab, Northeastern University Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute, 13 Aug. 2019, pfasproject.com/2019/08/13/decades-old-toxic-chemicals-are-melting-out-of-himalayas-now/.
Fountain Valley Community Publications and Resources:
Finley, B., Drinking water in three Colorado cities contaminated with toxic chemicals above EPA limits, in Denver Post. 2016.
Overview of Fountain, Colorado. 2018 2018 5/15/2019]; Available from: https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Colorado/Fountain/Overview.
District, S.W.a.S. Where Our Water Comes From. 2019 05/18/2019]; Available from: https://securitywsd.com/where-water-comes-from/.
JDS-Hydro Consultants, I. Widefield Water and Sanitation District. 2017 05/15/2019]; Available from: https://jdshydro.com/2017/05/widefield-water-and-sanitation-district/.
Bernard, B. Widefield Water and Sanitation Builds $2.5 Million Dollar PFC Treatment Plant Without Rate Increase To Customers. El Paso County and Fountain Valley News May 17th, 2017; Available from: https://www.epcan.com/story/2017/05/17/news/widefield-water-and-sanitation-builds-25-million-dollar-pfc-treatment-plant-without-rate-increase-to-customers/1152.html.
Rodgers, J., Widefield Water and Sanitation stops use of contaminated aquifer water, in Colorado Springs Gazette. Nov 16, 2016
Rodgers, J., Fountain water filter arrives amid cost concerns. Colorado Springs Gazette, Aug 2, 2017
Mitchell, C., Groundwater Treatment Update. March 1, 2019, Fountain, Colorado.
Lombardo, J. STRATMOOR HILLS PFOA REMOVAL. 2019 05/17/2019]; Available from: https://www.evoqua.com/en/brands/IPS/Pages/Stratmoor-Hills-PFOA-Removal.aspx.
District, S.H.W.a.S., Water Quality Presentation — August 9th in Stratmoor News. August, 2017.
LLC, A.S., Final Site Inspection Report of Aqueous Film Forming Foam Areas at Peterson Air Force Base El Paso County, Colorado. July 2017: Air Force Civil Engineer Center.
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Publications and Resources from
Colorado State and County Organizations:
(CDPHE), C.D.o.P.H.a.E. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Security-Widefield-Fountain. 2016 [cited 2017 July 27]; Available from: https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/news/PFCs.
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Department, E.P.C.H. AIR FORCE PFOS/PFOA SNAPSHOT PETERSON AFB. 2017; Available from: https://www.elpasocountyhealth.org/sites/default/files/imce/Peterson%20Snapshot_20Jul17%20(IST).pdf.
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Department, E.P.C.H., Who We Are: El Paso County Demographic and Socioeconomic Data. 2012.
Overview of Fountain, Colorado. 2018 2018 5/15/2019]; Available from: https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Colorado/Fountain/Overview.
Environment, C.D.o.P.H.a.t. Perfluorinated compounds levels in drinking water distribution samples. 2018; Available from: https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/PFCs/maps-and-data.
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Environment, C.D.o.P.H.a.t. Perfluorinated compounds levels in environmental water samples. 2018; Available from: https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/cdphe/PFCs/maps-and-data.
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Summit Economics, L., The Economic Impact of Department of Defense, Veterans and Military Retirees, and the Department of Veterans Affairs Activities in Colorado 2018.
Department, E.P.C.H., Who We Are: El Paso County Demographic and Socioeconomic Data. 2012.​​